Professor Paul Mullins
Professor in Psychology
Overview
Professor of Neuroimaging and Senior Physicist at the Bangor Imaging Centre in the School of Psychology and Sports Science.
I am involved with liaising with researchers from the College of Medicine and Health Sciences on study design, data acquisition and processing and resources available to help with their research questions, my aim is to keep the Bangor Imaging Unit a world-class centre for neuroimaging research in North Wales.
My personal research falls into three broad areas: development and validation of MRS techniques for the detection of neurotransmitters; the use of these techniques to measure changes associated with neurotransmission and neural activity in health and disease; and the use of magnetic resonance imaging to investigate basic neurologic and physiologic processes in health and disease. My current ongoing research however is focused on two of these areas: the study of functional neurochemical changes through the use of functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS); and measurement of changes in cerebral physiology and blood flow.
fMRS
Based on the same principles as MRS, fMRS collects multiple MRS spectra in a dynamic series to study metabolite concentration changes during brain function. fMRS is able to measure changes in neurotransmitters over very short time scales, in seconds rather than minutes, either alone, or combined with other measures of neural activity such as EEG and BOLD. Direct measurement of neurotransmitter and neurometabolite changes allows fundamental questions to be addressed regarding the excitatory, inhibitory and metabolic processes underlying neural activity.
Cerebral Phsyiology
Understanding the what, how, and why, of cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes, has implications for many fields of research, from clinical conditions (stroke, brain injury, hypoxia, Alzhiemers) to basic cognition (fMRI is based on blood flow changes). Similarly, it is important to understand the physiologic drivers for change, and what other changes in physiology affect CBF. Current work is investigating the effects of prolonged hypoxic exposure as might be experienced at altitude on CBF and cognition, the effects of healthy ageing, and possible relationships between resting levels of neurotransmitters and blood flow.
Teaching activities
I am the course director of the MSc in Neuroimaging, and lecturer for the “Introduction to Neuroimaging”, "Introduction to Neuroimaging analysis", “Advanced Techniques in Neuroimaging” and "Advanced Neuroimaging analysis" modules. I have supervised 4 PhD students to completion, and currently have co-supervision of 4 others. I also supervise several MSc students’ neuroimaging research projects that intersect with my labs research interests in neurochemistry and cerebral physiology, having already successfully supervised 28 MSc students to completion.
Wider Scientific Involvement
Recognizing the importance of open and shared science I am actively involved in collaborative research with colleagues in the USA, Ireland, Norway and the UK. I am also a well-respected member of the international magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) research community,having been on the organizing committee for several international symposia, and recently involved in developing the Minimum Reporting Standards for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
Qualifications
- PhD: Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to animal models of cerebral ischaemia
University of Queensland, 2002 - Other: Biochemistry Honours
James Cook University of Far North Queensland, Townsville, 1995 - BSc: Chemistry and Biochemistry
James Cook University of Far North Queensland, 1993
Teaching and Supervision
Programe Director:
Masters in Neuroimaging
Module organiser and Lecturer:
Introduction to Neuroimaging.
Introduction to Neuroimaging analysis
Advanced Neuroimaging analysis
Supervisor:
6 Masters Students projects in 2019-20
10 undergraduate disertations
PhD supervision -
First supervisor:
Matthew Rogan
Joseph Smith
Second Supervisor:
Myrto Mantazaria
Vallilath Madham Vinod Ramakrishnan
Joshua Payne - Graduated
Pauliina Sorvino - Graduated
Shelby DeMeulenaere - Graduated
Gabriella Rosetti - Graduated
Postgraduate Project Opportunities
Self-funded (inc. agency-funded) projects: Professor Mullins welcomes informal enquiries from prospective PhD students interested in projects related to functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging of cerebral physiology, and/or neuroimaging in general. Please submit a draft research proposal (1-2 pages) to p.mullins@bangor.ac.uk.
Competitive scholarship opportunities available: None at present, but I am always ready to investigate opportunities.
Publications
2024
- PublishedA mild concussion from amateur sports might not cause cognitive decline – but repeated injuries can
Owen, J. & Mullins, P., 11 Sept 2024, The Conversation.
Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article - E-pub ahead of printConsiderations for event-related gamma-aminobutyric acid functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Mullins, P., 25 Jul 2024, (E-pub ahead of print) In: NMR in biomedicine. e5215.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedHead Sense: Concussion knowledge and attitude in U18 international female rugby union players
Studt, S., Mullins, P. & Owen, J., 8 Jul 2024.
Research output: Contribution to conference › Poster › peer-review
2023
- PublishedA comprehensive guide to MEGA-PRESS for GABA measurement
MRS Expert Panel & Mullins, P., 15 May 2023, In: Analytical biochemistry. 669, 115113.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
2022
- PublishedChronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: Protocol and methods from the Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium
Alzheimer's Association Global SARS-COV-2 Consortium, 22 Sept 2022, In: Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.). 8, 1, e12348.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedHypoxia alters posterior cingulate cortex metabolism during a memory task: a 1H fMRS study
Rogan, M., Friend, A., Rossetti, G. M. K., Edden, R. A. E., Mikkelsen, M., Oliver, S., Macdonald, J. & Mullins, P., 15 Oct 2022, In: Neuroimage. 260, 119397.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedNeurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: A preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate-glutamine (Glx)
Weidacker, K., Johnston, S. J., Mullins, P. G., Boy, F. & Dymond, S., Aug 2022, In: CNS Spectrums. 27, 4, p. 475-485 11 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2021
- PublishedBilateral regional extracranial blood flow regulation to hypoxia and unilateral duplex ultrasound measurement error
Friend, A., Rogan, M., Rossetti, G., Lawley, J., Mullins, P., Sandoo, A., Macdonald, J. & Oliver, S., 1 Jul 2021, In: Experimental Physiology. 106, 7, p. 1535-1548 14 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedFrequency drift in MR spectroscopy at 3T
Hui, S. C. N., Mikkelsen, M., Zöllner, H. J., Ahluwalia, V., Alcauter, S., Baltusis, L., Barany, D. A., Barlow, L. R., Becker, R., Berman, J. I., Berrington, A., Bhattacharyya, P. K., Blicher, J. U., Bogner, W., Brown, M. S., Calhoun, V. D., Castillo, R., Cecil, K. M., Choi, Y. B., Chu, W. C. W., Clarke, W. T., Craven, A. R., Cuypers, K., Dacko, M., de la Fuente-Sandoval, C., Desmond, P., Domagalik, A., Dumont, J., Duncan, N. W., Dydak, U., Dyke, K., Edmondson, D. A., Ende, G., Ersland, L., Evans, C. J., Fermin, A. S. R., Ferretti, A., Fillmer, A., Gong, T., Greenhouse, I., Grist, J. T., Gu, M., Harris, A. D., Hat, K., Heba, S., Heckova, E., Hegarty, J. P., Heise, K.-F., Jacobson, A., Jansen, J. F. A., Jenkins, C. W., Johnston, S. J., Juchem, C., Kangarlu, A., Kerr, A. B., Landheer, K., Lange, T., Lee, P., Levendovszky, S. R., Limperopoulos, C., Liu, F., Lloyd, W., Lythgoe, D. J., Machizawa, M. G., MacMillan, E. L., Maddock, R. J., Manzhurtsev, A. V., Martinez-Gudino, M. L., Miller, J. J., Mirzakhanian, H., Moreno-Ortega, M., Mullins, P. G., Near, J., Noeske, R., Nordhøy, W., Oeltzschner, G., Osorio-Duran, R., Otaduy, M. C. G., Pasaye, E. H., Peeters, R., Peltier, S. J., Pilatus, U., Polomac, N., Porges, E. C., Pradhan, S., Prisciandaro, J. J., Puts, N. A., Rae, C. D., Reyes-Madrigal, F., Roberts, T. P. L., Robertson, C. E., Rosenberg, J. T., Rotaru, D.-G., O'Gorman Tuura, R. L., Saleh, M. G., Sandberg, K., Sangill, R., Schembri, K., Schrantee, A., Semenova, N. A., Singel, D., Sitnikov, R., Smith, J., Song, Y., Stark, C., Stoffers, D., Swinnen, S. P., Tain, R., Tanase, C., Tapper, S., Tegenthoff, M., Thiel, T., Thioux, M., Truong, P., van Dijk, P., Vella, N., Vidyasagar, R., Vovk, A., Wang, G., Westlye, L. T., Wilbur, T. K., Willoughby, W. R., Wilson, M., Wittsack, H.-J., Woods, A. J., Wu, Y.-C., Xu, J., Lopez, M. Y., Yeung, D. K. W., Zhao, Q., Zhou, X., Zupan, G., Edden, R. A. E., Nakajima, S. L. & Honda, S., 1 Nov 2021, In: Neuroimage. 241, 118430.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedMinimum Reporting Standards for in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRSinMRS): Experts' consensus recommendations
Experts' Working Group on Reporting Standards for MR Spectroscopy, 1 May 2021, In: NMR in biomedicine. 34, 5, e4484.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedReversal of neurovascular coupling in the default mode network: Evidence from hypoxia
Rossetti, G., d'Avossa, G., Rogan, M., Macdonald, J., Oliver, S. & Mullins, P., Apr 2021, In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 41, 4, p. 805–818 14 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2020
- PublishedCircadian circuits in humans: White matter microstructure predicts daytime sleepiness
Koller, K., Rafal, R. D. & Mullins, P. G., Jan 2020, In: Cortex. 122, p. 97-107 11 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedImpulsive decision-making and gambling severity: The influence of γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate-glutamine (Glx)
Weidacker, K., Johnston, S. J., Mullins, P. G., Boy, F. & Dymond, S., Mar 2020, In: European Neuropsychopharmacology. 32, p. 36-46
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2019
- PublishedMethodological consensus on clinical proton MRS of the brain: Review and recommendations
Wilson, M., Andronesi, O., Barker, P. B., Bartha, R., Bizzi, A., Bolan, P. J., Brindle, K. M., Choi, I.-Y., Cudalbu, C., Dydak, U., Emir, U. E., Gonzalez, R. G., Gruber, S., Gruetter, R., Gupta, R. K., Heerschap, A., Henning, A., Hetherington, H. P., Huppi, P. S., Hurd, R. E., Kantarci, K., Kauppinen, R. A., Klomp, D. W. J., Kreis, R., Kruiskamp, M. J., Leach, M. O., Lin, A. P., Luijten, P. R., Marjańska, M., Maudsley, A. A., Meyerhoff, D. J., Mountford, C. E., Mullins, P. G., Murdoch, J. B., Nelson, S. J., Noeske, R., Öz, G., Pan, J. W., Peet, A. C., Poptani, H., Posse, S., Ratai, E.-M., Salibi, N., Scheenen, T. W. J., Smith, I. C. P., Soher, B. J., Tkáč, I., Vigneron, D. B. & Howe, F. A., Aug 2019, In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 82, 2, p. 527-550 24 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review - PublishedRegional Striatal Cholinergic Involvement in Human Behavioral Flexibility
Bell, T., Lindner, M., Langdon, A., Mullins, P. G. & Christakou, A., 17 Jul 2019, In: Journal of Neuroscience. 39, 29, p. 5740-5749 10 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2018
- PublishedAlleviating anxiety in patients prior to MRI: A pilot single-centre single-blinded randomised controlled trial to compare video demonstration or telephone conversation with a radiographer versus routine intervention
Tugwell, J. R., Goulden, N. & Mullins, P., May 2018, In: Radiography. 24, 2, p. 122-129
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedBeyond static measures: A review of functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its potential to investigate dynamic glutamatergic abnormalities in schizophrenia
Jelen, L. A., King, S., Mullins, P. & Stone, J. M., 1 May 2018, In: Journal of Psychopharmacology. 32, 5, p. 497-508
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedErrors in H-MRS estimates of brain metabolite concentrations caused by failing to take into account tissue-specific signal relaxation
Gasparovic, C., Chen, H. & Mullins, P. G., Jun 2018, In: NMR in biomedicine. 31, 6, p. e3914
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedFunctional neurochemical imaging of the human striatal cholinergic system during reversal learning
Bell, T., Lindner, M., Mullins, P. G. & Christakou, A., 23 May 2018, In: European Journal of Neuroscience. 47, 10, p. 1184-1193
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedTowards a Theory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (fMRS): A Meta-analysis and discussion of using MRS to measure changes in neurotransmitters in real time
Mullins, P., Feb 2018, In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 59, p. 91-103
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2017
- PublishedAging-related microstructural alterations along the length of the cingulum bundle
Sibilia, F., Kehoe, E. G., Farrell, D., Kerskens, C., O'Neill, D., McNulty, J. P., Mullins, P. G. & Bokde, A., 1 Aug 2017, In: Brain connectivity. 7, 6, p. 366-372
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedIn vivo functional neurochemistry of human cortical cholinergic function during visuospatial attention
Lindner, M., Bell, T., Iqbal, S., Mullins, P. G. & Christakou, A., 13 Feb 2017, In: PLoS ONE. 12, 2, e0171338.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedUnexpected reductions in regional cerebral perfusion during prolonged hypoxia
Lawley, J., Oliver, S., Macdonald, J. & Mullins, P., 1 Jan 2017, In: Journal of Physiology. 595, 3, p. 935-947
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedWhat do people with dementia and their carers want to know about neuroimaging for dementia?
Featherstone, H., Butler, M.-L., Ciblis, A., Bokde, A. L., Mullins, P. G. & McNulty, J. P., May 2017, In: Dementia. 16, 4, p. 461-470
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2016
- PublishedCurrent practice in the referral of individuals with suspected dementia for neuroimaging by General Practitioners in Ireland and Wales
Ciblis, A. S., Butler, M. L., Quinn, C., Clare, L., Bokde, A. L., Mullins, P. G. & McNulty, J. P., 23 Mar 2016, In: PLoS ONE.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedThe use of neuroimaging in dementia by Irish general practitioners
Ciblis, A. S., Butler, M.-L., Bokde, A. L. W., Mullins, P. G. & McNulty, J. P., Aug 2016, In: Irish Journal of Medical Science. 185, 3, p. 597-602 6 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2015
- Published1H-MRS glutamate level predicts auditory sensory gating in alcohol dependence : Preliminary results
Thoma, R. J., Long, J., Monnig, M., Yeo, R. A., Petropoulos, H., Gasparovic, C., Pommy, J. & Mullins, P. G., 18 Dec 2015, In: Neuropsychiatric electrophysiology. 1, 14.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedConnectivity between the superior colliculus and the amygdala in humans and macaque monkeys: virtual dissection with probabilistic DTI tractography
Rafal, R. D., Koller, K., Bultitude, J. H., Mullins, P. G., Ward, R. A., Mitchell, A. S. & Bell, A. H., 1 Sept 2015, In: Journal of Neurophysiology. 114, 3, p. 1947-1962
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedEvent-related dynamics of glutamate and BOLD effects measured using functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) at 3T in a repetition suppression paradigm
Apsvalka, D., Gadie, A. M., Clemence, M. & Mullins, P. G., 10 Jun 2015, In: Neuroimage. 118, p. 292-300
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedFornix white matter is correlated with resting-state functional connectivity of the thalamus and hippocampus in healthy aging but not in mild cognitive impairment – a preliminary study
Kehoe, E. G., Farrell, D., Metzler-Baddeley, C., Lawlor, B. A., Kenny, R. A., Lyons, D., McNulty, J. P., Mullins, P. G., Coyle, D. & Bokde, A. L., 5 Feb 2015, In: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 7, p. 1-10 10.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedNeuroimaging referral for dementia diagnosis: The specialist's perspective in Ireland
Ciblis, A. S., Butler, M. L., Bokde, L. W., Mullins, P. G., O'Neill, D. & McNulty, J. P., 29 Mar 2015, In: Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring. 1, 1, p. 41-47
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedThe Subjective Experience of Pain: An FMRI Study of Percept-Related Models and Functional Connectivity
Wilcox, C. E., Mayer, A. R., Teshiba, T. M., Ling, J., Smith, B. W., Wilcox, G. L. & Mullins, P. G., 19 May 2015, In: Pain Medicine. 16, 11, p. 2121-2133
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedThe neural substrates for the different modalities of movement imagery
Jiang, D., Edwards, M. G., Mullins, P. & Callow, N., Jul 2015, In: Brain and Cognition. 97, p. 22-31
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2014
- PublishedAccess to Neuroimaging in Dementia: A Survey of Specialists
Ciblis, A., Butler, M.-L., Bokde, A., Mullins, P., O'Neill, D. & McNulty, J., Sept 2014, In: Irish Journal of Medical Science. 183, p. S330-S330
Research output: Contribution to journal › Meeting Abstract › peer-review - PublishedAdvances in MRI biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Kehoe, E. G., McNulty, J. P., Mullins, P. G. & Bokde, A. L. W., 1 Oct 2014, In: Biomarkers in Medicine. 8, 9, p. 1151-69 19 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedAnabolic exercise in haemodialysis patients: a randomised controlled pilot study
Kirkman, D., Mullins, P. G., Junglee, N. A., Kumwenda, M., Jibani, M. M. & Macdonald, J. H., Sept 2014, In: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 5, 3, p. 199-207
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedCurrent practice in the use of MEGA-PRESS spectroscopy for the detection of GABA
Mullins, P. G., McGonigle, D. J., O'Gorman, R. L., Puts, N. A. J., Vidyasagar, R., Evans, C. J., Edden, R. A. E. & Cardiff Symposium on MRS of GABA, 1 Feb 2014, In: Neuroimage. 86, p. 43-52 10 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedGlutamatergic correlates of gamma-band oscillatory activity during cognition: A concurrent ER-MRS and EEG study
Lally, N., Mullins, P. G., Roberts, M. V., Price, D., Gruber, T. & Haenschel, C., 15 Jan 2014, In: Neuroimage. 85, Part 2, p. 823-833
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedNormobaric hypoxia and symptoms of acute mountain sickness: Elevated brain volume and intracranial hypertension
Lawley, J. S., Alperin, N., Bagci, A. M., Lee, S. H., Mullins, P. G., Oliver, S. J. & Macdonald, J. H., 20 May 2014, In: Annals of Neurology. 75, 6, p. 890-898
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedPrefrontal glutamate abnormality alters fronto-striatal relationship in subjects at ultra high risk for psychosis
Koychev, I., Winton-Brown, T., Egerton, A., Mullins, P., Kapur, S., Mathews, P., McGuire, P. & Stone, J., Nov 2014, In: Early Intervention in Psychiatry. 8, p. 60-60
Research output: Contribution to journal › Meeting Abstract › peer-review - PublishedProlonged (9 h) poikilocapnic hypoxia (12% O2) augments cutaneous thermal hyperaemia in healthy humans
Lawley, J. S., Oliver, S. J., Mullins, P. G., Macdonald, J. H. & Moore, J. P., 1 Jun 2014, In: Experimental Physiology. 99, p. 909-920
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedThe neural correlates of beauty comparison
Kedia, G., Mussweiler, T., Mullins, P. G. & Linden, D., May 2014, In: Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 9, 5, p. 681-688
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedThe salience network is responsible for switching between the default mode network and the central executive network: Replication from DCM
Goulden, N., Khusnullina, A. A., Davis, N. J., Bracewell, R. M., Bokde, A. L., McNulty, J. P. & Mullins, P. G., 1 Oct 2014, In: Neuroimage. 99, p. 180-190
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2013
- PublishedInvestigation of whole-brain white matter identifies altered water mobility in the pathogenesis of high-altitude headache
Lawley, J., Oliver, S. J., Mullins, P. G. & Macdonald, J. H., 1 Aug 2013, In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 33, 8, p. 1286-1294
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedReproducibility of 1H-MRS measurements in schizophrenic patients
Mullins, P. G., Rowland, L., Bustillo, J., Bedrick, E. J., Lauriello, J. & Brooks, W. M., Oct 2013, In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 50, 4, p. 704-707 4 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2012
- PublishedArteriovenous fistula complication following MRI
Kirkman, D., Junglee, N. A., Mullins, P. G. & Macdonald, J. H., 27 Aug 2012, In: British Medical Journal Case Reports.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedOptic Nerve Sheath Diameter Is Not Related to High Altitude Headache: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Lawley, J. S., Oliver, S. J., Mullins, P. G., Morris, D., Junglee, N. A., Jelleyman, C. & Macdonald, J. H., 1 Sept 2012, In: High Altitude Medicine and Biology. 13, 3, p. 193-199
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2011
- PublishedGlutamate as a marker of cognitive function in Schizophrenia: a proton spectroscopic imaging study at 4 Tesla.
Bustillo, J. R., Chen, H., Gasparovic, C., Mullins, P. G., Caprihan, A., Qualls, C., Apfeldorf, W., Lauriello, J. & Posse, S., 1 Jan 2011, In: Biological Psychiatry. 69, 1, p. 19-27
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedPerturbation of the Glutamate–Glutamine System in Alcohol Dependence and Remission
Thoma, R., Mullins, P. G., Ruhl, D., Monnig, M., Yeo, R. A., Caprihan, A., Bogenschutz, M., Lysne, P., Tonigan, S., Kalyanam, R. & Gasparovic, C., 9 Mar 2011, In: Neuropsychopharmacology. 36, 7, p. 1359–1365
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2010
- Published1H-MRS at 4 Tesla in minimally treated early schizophrenia.
Bustillo, J. R., Rowland, L. M., Mullins, P. G., Jung, R., Chen, H., Qualls, C., Hammond, R., Brooks, W. M. & Lauriello, J., 1 Jun 2010, In: Molecular Psychiatry. 15, 6, p. 629-636
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2009
- PublishedAlteration of the Glutamine-Glutamate cycle in Chronic Alcoholism.
Ruhl, D. A., Gasparovic, C., Mullins, P. G., Yeo, R. A. & Thoma, R. J., 20 Jun 2009.
Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper - PublishedElevated cerebral blood flow and volume in systemic Lupus measured by dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging.
Gasparovic, C. M., Roldan, C. A., Sibbitt, W. L., Qualls, C. R., Mullins, P. G., Sharrar, J. M., Yamamoto, J. J. & Bockholt, H. J., 1 Sept 2009, In: Journal of Rheumatology. 37, 9, p. 1834-1843
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedMitochondrial function in physically active elders with sarcopenia.
Waters, D. L., Mullins, P. G., Qualls, C. R., Raj, D. S., Gasparovic, C. & Baumgartner, R. N., 1 May 2009, In: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 130, 5, p. 315-319
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedQuantitative Spectroscopic Imaging with In Situ Measurements of Tissue Water T-1, T-2, and Density.
Gasparovic, C., Neeb, H., Feis, D. L., Damaraju, E., Chen, H., Doty, M. J., South, D. M., Mullins, P. G., Bockholt, H. J. & Shah, N. J., 1 Sept 2009, In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 62, 3, p. 583-590
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedThe Role of Resilience and Purpose in Life in Habituation to Heat and Cold Pain.
Smith, B. W., Tooley, E. M., Montague, E. Q., Robinson, A. E., Cosper, C. J. & Mullins, P. G., 1 May 2009, In: Journal of Pain. 10, 5, p. 493-500
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2008
- PublishedComparative reliability of proton spectroscopy techniques designed to improve detection of J-coupled metabolites.
Mullins, P. G., Chen, H., Xu, J., Caprihan, A. & Gasparovic, C., 1 Oct 2008, In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 60, 4, p. 964-969
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedHabituation and sensitization to heat and cold pain in women with fibromyalgia and healthy controls.
Smith, B. W., Tooley, E. M., Montague, E. Q., Robinson, A. E., Cosper, C. J. & Mullins, P. G., 1 Dec 2008, In: Pain. 140, 3, p. 420-428
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedMagnetic resonance imaging of an embalmed head.
Mullins, P. G., Delieu, J. M., John, N., Mahon, M., Mullins, P., Derricott, H. & Lim, I. S., 1 Jan 2008.
Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper
2007
- PublishedProton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging of J-coupled resonances in human brain at 3 and 4 Tesla.
Posse, S., Otazo, R., Caprihan, A., Bustillo, J., Chen, H., Henry, P. G., Marjanska, M., Gasparovic, C., Zuo, C., Magnotta, V., Mueller, B., Mullins, P. G., Renshaw, P., Ugurbil, K., Lim, K. O. & Alger, J. R., 1 Aug 2007, In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 58, 2, p. 236-244
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2006
- Published4Tesla proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) longitudinal study of early schizophrenia: Effects on N-acetyl aspartate and glutamate
Bustillo, J. R., Rowland, L., Chen, H., Mullins, P. & John, L., Dec 2006, In: Neuropsychopharmacology. 31, p. S178-S179
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedUse of tissue water as a concentration reference for proton spectroscopic imaging
Gasparovic, C., Song, T., Devier, D., Bockholt, H. J., Caprihan, A., Mullins, P. G., Posse, S., Jung, R. E. & Morrison, L. A., 1 Jun 2006, In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 55, 6, p. 1219-1226
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2005
- PublishedA novel technique to study the brain's response to pain: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Mullins, P. G., Rowland, L. M., Jung, R. E. & Sibbitt, W. L., 1 Jun 2005, In: Neuroimage. 26, 2, p. 642-646
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedEffects of ketamine on anterior cingulate glutamate metabolism in healthy humans: A 4-T proton MRS study.
Rowland, L. M., Bustillo, J. R., Mullins, P. G., Jung, R. E., Lenroot, R., Landgraf, E., Barrow, R., Yeo, R., Lauriello, J. & Brooks, W. M., 1 Feb 2005, In: American Journal of Psychiatry. 162, 2, p. 394-396
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2004
- PublishedSmall shifts in craniotomy position in the lateral fluid percussion injury model are associated with differential lesion development
Vink, R., Mullins, P. G., Temple, M. D., Bao, W. & Faden, A. I., 8 Jul 2004, In: Journal of Neurotrauma. 18, 8, p. 839-47 9 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2003
- PublishedClosed-head minimal traumatic brain injury produces long-term cognitive deficits in mice
Zohar, O., Schreiber, S., Getslev, V., Schwartz, J. P., Mullins, P. G. & Pick, C. G., 10 Apr 2003, In: Neuroscience. 118, 4, p. 949-55 7 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedNeurochemistry in Chronic Schizophrenia: A 4t-Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
Mullins, P. G., Rowland, L., Mullins, P., Jung, R., Lenroot, R., Lauriello, J., Brooks, W. & Bustillo, J., 1 Jan 2003, In: Schizophrenia Research. 60, 1, p. 245
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedNeuroprotective and nootropic actions of a novel cyclized dipeptide after controlled cortical impact injury in mice
Mullins, P. G., Faden, A. I., Fox, G. B., Di, X., Knoblach, S. M., Cernak, I., Mullins, P., Nikolaeva, M. & Kozikowski, A. P., 1 Mar 2003, In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 23, 3, p. 355-363
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
2001
- PublishedIschaemic preconditioning in the rat brain: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study
Mullins, P. G., Reid, D. G., Hockings, P. D., Hadingham, S. J., Campbell, C. A., Chalk, J. B. & Doddrell, D. M., May 2001, In: NMR in biomedicine. 14, 3, p. 204-209 6 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedPresence of DNA fragmentation and lack of neuroprotective effect in DFF45 knockout mice subjected to traumatic brain injury
Yakovlev, A. G., Di, X., Movsesyan, V., Mullins, P. G., Wang, G., Boulares, H., Zhang, J., Xu, M. & Faden, A. I., Mar 2001, In: Biomarkers in Medicine. 7, 3, p. 205-16 12 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedSelective blockade of the mGluR1 receptor reduces traumatic neuronal injury in vitro and improvesoOutcome after brain trauma
Faden, A. I., O'Leary, D. M., Fan, L., Bao, W., Mullins, P. G. & Movsesyan, V., Feb 2001, In: Experimental Neurology. 167, 2, p. 435-44 10 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review - PublishedmGluR5 antagonists 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine and (E)-2-methyl-6-(2-phenylethenyl)-pyridine reduce traumatic neuronal injury in vitro and in vivo by antagonizing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors
Movsesyan, V. A., O'Leary, D. M., Fan, L., Bao, W., Mullins, P. G., Knoblach, S. M. & Faden, A. I., Jan 2001, In: The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 296, 1, p. 41-7 7 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
1998
- PublishedThe effect of sample freezing on proton magic-angle spinning NMR spectra of biological tissue
Middleton, D. A., Bradley, D. P., Connor, S. C., Mullins, P. G. & Reid, D. G., 1 Jul 1998, In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 40, 1, p. 166-9 4 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
1996
- PublishedLocalized 1H NMR spectroscopy of rat spinal cord in vivo
Zelaya, F. O., Chalk, J. B., Mullins, P., Brereton, I. M. & Doddrell, D. M., Apr 1996, In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 35, 4, p. 443-8 6 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
1995
- PublishedChronic alcohol exposure decreases brain intracellular free magnesium concentration in rats
Mullins, P. G. & Vink, R., 21 Aug 1995, In: Neuroreport. 6, 12, p. 1633-6 4 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Activities
2024
- Probing the neurometabolic changes associated with hypoxia induced alterations in perfusion.
n 2017 we reported a paradoxical decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to hypoxia within the posterior cingulate cortex, and then in 2021 we found an apparent hypoxia induced reversal of neurovascular coupling within this region. Since then we have been further investigating this phenomenon, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy based techniques. I will describe three recent experiments by my PhD Student Matthew Rogan further exploring the neurometabolic alterations associated with this decrease in CBF the PCC during hypoxia.
5 Jun 2024
Activity: Invited talk (Speaker) - Probing the neurometabolic changes associated with hypoxia induced alterations in perfusion.
In 2017 we reported a paradoxical decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to hypoxia within the posterior cingulate cortex, and then in 2021 we found an apparent hypoxia induced reversal of neurovascular coupling within this region. Since then we have been further investigating this phenomenon, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy based techniques. I will describe three recent experiments by my PhD Student Matthew Rogan further exploring the neurometabolic alterations associated with this decrease in CBF the PCC during hypoxia.
14 Mar 2024
Activity: Oral presentation (Speaker)
2022
- BU-IIA Funded Project: Tackling Rugby Union’s Headache: Validity of a handheld medical device for the rapid assessment and evaluation of mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI).
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) or ‘concussion’ affects 42 million people globally per year, with evidence emerging of an increased risk associated with history of repeated mTBI in the development of neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is a priority, particularly in populations who are at a higher risk of acute and repeated mTBI, such as those participating in high-risk sports like Rugby Union. In practice, diagnosis is complex and relies on subjective clinical evaluation. Advances in brain imaging may provide a solution for misdiagnosis but has time and cost related barriers when rapid or repeated head injury assessment is required. Therefore, the primary aim of this study will be to evaluate the utility of an innovative handheld device that provides a rapid assessment of mTBI via changes in ocular micro-tremor (OMT). The study will assess the validity of the device in the Rugby Union setting to diagnose (i) acute pitch-side mTBI, (ii) mTBI 48-hours following a suspected injury when symptoms can be more pronounced and assess (iii) the long-term effects of a competitive Rugby Union season on brain function using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and assess potential correlates of brain imaging and OMT.
If successful, this proof of concept study will likely be expanded to an International research project possibly within the URC European professional league. It is linked to ongoing research within HBS regarding concussions, particularly related to sports injuries.
Involvement of Welsh Rugby Union Medical and Player Welfare Department, Rygbi Gogledd Cymru, Head Diagnostics Ltd,
Funding awarded through the Bangor University Innovation and Impact Award (Research Wales Innovation Funding). Value = £33,133
4 May 2022 – 30 Apr 2023
Activity: Other (Contributor) - BU-IIA Funded Project: Preparation for an application of a feasibility trial for Oro-sensory exercise training for patients with chronic fatigue symptoms
Fatigue is a common symptom associated with many medical conditions like obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and COVID 19, i.e., long COVID. Fatigue manifests itself in the form of exhaustion and tiredness. Indeed, fatigue has a profound impact on sufferers’ quality of life, while treatment schemes are limited and focusing mainly on graded exercise training (GET). Exercise treatment, however, does not recognize potential problems with effort-reward imbalance in fatigue patients affecting motivation for investing effort in tasks. Recently, we have investigated the influence of evaluative conditioning using a novel technique on self-selected exercise intensity and effort sensation in healthy sedentary individuals (Kubis et al. 2021; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257953). Outcomes show that individuals self-select exercise intensity significantly higher than control individuals after the conditioning training even weeks after the training. Analyses revealed that the intensity of exercise selected was a function of integrated reward over effort costs. This opens the opportunity to use this type of training for patients with fatigue conditions, conditioned reward (based on our Oro-sensory exercise training) would potentially enable patients to improve their effort-reward imbalance enabling them to increase the intensity of daily activities and reduce fatigue symptoms. Conclusively, our grant application uses funds for bespoke equipment and testing of portable systems which can be used in exercise rehabilitation settings as well as for developing/writing a grant application for a proof of concept / feasibility trial.
Funding awarded through the Bangor University Innovation and Impact Award (Research Wales Innovation Funding). Value = £6947
1 Apr 2022 – 31 Mar 2023
Activity: Other (Contributor)
2021
- Ethics and consent for clinical trials
A talk on the ethical considerations for clinical trials, and how consent should be obtained.
14 Jun 2021
Activity: Oral presentation (Speaker) - Validation of the MSc in Cognitive Neuroscience
External validator for the MSc in Neuroscience and MSc in Psychology at Bournemouth University
3 Jun 2021
Activity: Types of External academic engagement - Membership of peer review panel or committee (Contributor)
2020
- PHOENIX GLOBAL RESEARCH ETHICS WORKSHOP
Speaker and attendee. Presented on the process and Structures of Research Ethics Committees
5 Oct 2020
Activity: Participation in Academic conference (Speaker) - External Examiner for MSc in Cognitive Neuroscience
1 Sep 2020 →
Activity: Types of External academic engagement - Membership of peer review panel or committee (Contributor)
2019
- Review and validation of the Masters in Psychiatric Research
Re-validation of the MSc in Psychiatric research.
20 Nov 2019
Activity: Examination (Examiner) - Towards a Theory for Functional MRS
Invited Talk given at the Cogniton and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University
Audience numbers = 20
1 Apr 2019
Activity: Invited talk (Speaker) - Towards a Theory for Functional MRS
Invited talk on fMRS
Attendees = 20
12 Mar 2019
Activity: Invited talk (Speaker)
2018
- Editing School
Editing School - a three day workshop on the sue of MEGA-PRESS for edited MRS of Neurometabolites.
Attendees = 40
3 Dec 2018 – 6 Dec 2018
Activity: Participation in Academic conference (Speaker) - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Guest Lecture on the Neurosciences module "Reading the brain, imaging the mind", and the Masters in Neuroimaging.
Attendees - 20 and 25
13 Nov 2018
Activity: Invited talk (Speaker) - International Society for Magnetic resonance in Medicine
Invited Talk on functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the weekend Educational Sessions.
16 Jun 2018 – 21 Jun 2018
Activity: Participation in Academic conference (Speaker) - External Examiner for the undergraduate Neurosciences Program at Kings College London.
1 Jun 2018 – 30 Jun 2020
Activity: Examination (Examiner) - Towards a Theory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Invited Talk on my work in functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Attendees = 100
17 May 2018
Activity: Invited talk (Speaker)
2017
- Headway North Wales Conference
Presentation on "Neuroimaging and Neurochemistry Research in Brain Injury"
Estimated Attendees - 100
1 Mar 2017
Activity: Participation in Academic conference (Invited speaker)
2016
- International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Workshop on MR Spectroscopy
Moderator of the Poster Pitch session
125 attendees
16 Aug 2016
Activity: Participation in Academic workshop, seminar, course (Chair) - International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Workshop on MR Spectroscopy
Shortly after introduction of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also first localized in vivo magnetic resonance spectra (MRS) were acquired in the early 1980s. In vivo MRS has evolved during the last 25 years in terms of localization quality and spatial resolution, acquisition speed, artifact suppression, number of detectable metabolites and quantification precision and has profited especially from improvements in B0 shim quality over the years and the significant increase of magnetic field strength that recently became available for in vivo investigations. Today it allows for non-invasive and non-ionizing determination of tissue concentrations and metabolic turn-over rates of various metabolites and compounds in animals or humans, is applied for clinical diagnostics and has established as an important tool for physiological research. In addition to late breaking results, this workshop examines the substantial advances in MRS acquisition, processing and analysis methods that have been achieved by the MRS community during the last 10 - 15 years. The workshop will feature invited scientific presentations, proffered papers, a poster session and discussion to work toward consensus in the areas of standardization, harmonization, quality assurance and guidance on best practices in MRS methodology. Target Audience This workshop is designed for MR Physicists including Ph.D. students; Postdoctoral Fellows and faculty who develop methodology and support clinical and physiological research based on MRS; as well as Psychiatrists, Neurologists, Neuro Radiologists, and Body Radiologists, who will benefit from the comprehensive overview and consensus discussions in order to define the state-of-the art of spectroscopy. The workshop is organized by the ISMRM MR Spectroscopy Study Group. Educational Objectives Upon completion of this activity, participants should be able to: Describe current MRS(I) data acquisition methodology including sequences, pre-scans and hardware requirements; Discuss current MRS(I) data processing, reconstruction and analysis methods; Compare the pro´s and cons´s of advanced MRS and MRSI methods; Identify advanced MRS(I) methods that made it into application in clinical and basic research; Summarize minimum quality standards with regard to data acquisition, processing, analysis and reporting for physiological or clinical MRS studies; and Support the ongoing consensus discussion about state-of-the-art, unmet needs and still existing limitations.
15 Aug 2016 – 17 Aug 2016
Activity: Participation in Academic workshop, seminar, course (Organiser) - International Society for Magnetic resonance in medicine workshop on MR spectroscopy
ISMRM workshop on MR spectroscopy.
Speaker in Session on reporting standards for MRS articles - 125 attendees
14 Aug 2016 – 17 Aug 2016
Activity: Participation in Academic conference (Speaker)
Projects
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KESS II East Phd with Agroceutical Products Ltd BUK2E029
01/02/2020 – 17/09/2024 (Finished)
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fMRI Research: Choice, Special Offers, and decision making
01/06/2013 – 19/02/2014 (Finished)
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01/03/2012 – 31/07/2017 (Finished)